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While scientists know Alzheimer’s disease involves the progressive failure of brain cells, why this happens is still not known. However, they have identified certain risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s.
Age The greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer’s is increasing age. One out of eight people over age 65 has Alzheimer’s. Nearly half of people over age 85 have the disease. Family history and genetics Another risk factor is family history. Research has shown that those who have a parent, brother or sister with Alzheimer’s are two to three times more likely to develop the disease. The risk increases if more than one family member has the illness. Scientists have identified one gene that increases the risk for Alzheimer’s but does not guarantee an individual will develop the disorder. Research has also revealed certain rare genes that virtually guarantee an individual will develop Alzheimer’s. These genes have been found in only a few hundred extended families worldwide and account for fewer than 5 percent of all cases of Alzheimer’s. Experts believe the vast majority of cases are caused by a complex combination of genetic and nongenetic influences. Other risk factors Age, family history and heredity are all risk factors we can’t change. Now, research is beginning to reveal clues about other risk factors we may be able to influence. There appears to be a strong link between serious head injury and future risk of Alzheimer’s. It’s important to protect your head by buckling your seat belt, wearing your helmet when participating in sports and “fall-proofing” your home. Some evidence suggests that strategies for general healthy aging may also help reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s. These measures include controlling blood pressure, weight and cholesterol levels; exercising both body and mind; eating a balanced diet; and staying socially active.
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